Joint Defensive Planner (JDP)

Customer:

Goal of Program:
The JDP is an Air Force Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS) mission application for preparing and evaluating Theater Air and Missile Defense (TAMD) plans. Todayís TAMD process is manual and labor intensive. The conditions on the modern battlefield drive a need for automation support for the defensive planning process. JDP is the first step in providing these capabilities to the warfighter.

The JDP is an advanced Decision Support System (DSS) for developing and analyzing Theater Air Defense Plans (ADPs). The target users for the JDP include the staffs serving the Air Component Commander (JFACC), the Area Air Defense Commander (AADC), and their component . The JDP provides TAMD planners with the following capabilities: Access to the parametric and location information for FrOB and EnOB via the JDP database Graphical displays of the capabilities of the present air defense picture Support for force-on-force simulations of a user defined theater air engagement to include the following:

Threat laydown
Defense architecture laydown
Battle management structure
Theater assets
Graphical displays of coverage analysis

Defended Asset Coverage Analysis
JDP helps TAMD planners identify and analyze Defended Assets at risk from suspected TBM Launch Areas. The JDP provides two key analysis tools in this regard:

1) Defended Footprint, and

2) Defended Asset Risk Assessment.

The Defended Footprint analysis determines the regions that a selected weapon site can defend from attacks that could be launched from one or more prospective TBM Launch Areas. Planners select a weapon site for analysis and Defended Footprint generates attack trajectories from TBM Launch Areas against impact points surrounding that weapon site. Defended Footprint then determines whether the weapon site can defend those impact points using Salvo or Shoot-Look-Shoot tactics, or not at all. Defended Footprint displays color-coded grids.

A Representative Defended Footprint
The Defended Asset Risk Assessment (DARA) capability analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of your TAMD configuration against possible launches that could originate from TBM Launch Areas. DARA determines which launch combinations would have high chances of surviving the defense, and which Defended Assets would be at risk from those launches. DARA prepares and presents a risk assessment, identifying for every Defended Asset the degree of risk the asset faces from TBM Launch Areas, the Launch Area that is most threatening to the Defended Asset, and the TAMD weapon Platform that is most critical to the defense of that asset.

A Representative Defended Asset Risk Assessment Report
Radar Planning Optimizer The JDPís Radar Planning Optimizer (RPO) provides a capability to create and evaluate computer-generated options for placing radars. Planners can indicate which of the radars must remain at their current location, and which can be deployed to locations selected by the RPO. The RPO analysis generates options for locating the deployable radars to candidate sites to maximize the coverage against prospective threats. Force-on-Force Engagement Analysis The JDP's Force-on-Force Engagement analysis capability predicts how a TAMD would engage and perform against an attack scenario. The attack can comprise Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBM)s and Cruise Missile (CMs). The TAMD encompasses sensors, weapons, Battle Management/Command and Control facilities, airspaces and sectors, and engagement rules. Planner can establish engagement policies which govern sensor reporting rules, weapon control and firing coordination, and associate JFC priorities to defended assets. Planners can then run Monte-Carlo simulations to predict the following:

Number of interceptors fired
Number of threats intercepted Number of interceptors that missed
Number of over kills Defended Assets hit
Number of interceptors remaining

The JDP will also playback and display an animated depiction of a force-on-force engagement. The playback will depict the flight of the inbound threats, and the engagement of the threats from the sensor and weapon platforms. We depict a representative snapshot from a Force-on-Force Engagement playback below. This figure illustrates the conditions roughly midway through an engagement between twelve TBM and CM threats and four weapons sites. The icons shaped like missiles denote the TBM and CM threats. The dashed lines connecting some of the threats to rectangles indicate that interceptors are in flight against those threats; the rectangles represent the sites launching those TAD weapons.

A Snapshot of a Force-on-Force Engagement During Playback

Sensor Coverage Analysis
JDP provides several tools to help planners analyze weapon and sensor coverage and evaluate the effects of terrain masking. The two most prominent tools are Composite Maximum Masked Altitude (MMA) and Coverage Density. Composite MMA determines the maximum altitude targets may fly and remain undetected due to terrain masking, and depicts those altitudes using color overlays on the map. Coverage Density determines the coverage overlaps at specific slight altitudes selected by the planners. The JDP displays sensor and weapon coverage on the map as color coded grids. Planners can save the current analysis, adjust the defensive laydown, and recalculate the analysis for the purpose of performing an iterative analysis which will show the changes in coverage between the two defensive laydowns. We depict a representative Composite MMA below. This figure illustrates the MMA for Theater Air & Missile Defense (TAMD) sensors at four locations. The shaded overlays depict the elevations that targets will be visible to the sensors, the JDP uses color codes to represent altitude bands as indicated in the display legend. Lighter colors indicate areas where targets at relatively low altitudes will be visible. Darker colors indicate areas where targets will not be visible until they are at relatively high altitudes. The visibility from the sea-based radar is affected primarily by the Earth's curvature, and is reflected in uniform concentric masked elevation bands emanating from the site. The visibility from the land-based radars is affected by local terrain, with patches of darker colors indicating areas where visibility is obscured by intervening terrain.

A Representative Composite MMA View
Terrain Analysis
JDP provides a number of capabilities to help planner visualize terrain conditions local to prospective TAD sensor and weapon sites. Maximum Elevation determines the locations with the highest elevations within an area you draw on the JDP's map. Line of Sight determines whether a prospective or actual sensor location will have unobstructed line of sight to a specified target position. Terrain Masking computes and prepares a MMA plot for a candidate sensor location. Intervisibility Profile displays a cross section of the line of sight visibility out from a prospective or actual sensor location. Attack Scenario Generation The JDP lets planners create TBM and CM attack scenarios. Planners select the launch and impact points and times of launch. Planners also select waypoints and waypoint altitudes and velocities for cruise missiles. The JDP stores the scenarios for later evaluation using the Force-on-Force Engagement capability. JDP Deployment ALPHATECH is developing the JDP under subcontract to Lockheed-Martin Command and Control System (LMCCS), Colorado Springs. The JDP is a Defense Information Infrastructure-Common Operating Environment (DII-COE) Level 5-compliant Mission Application with interfaces to external DII-COE and TBMCS services and databases. The JDP 1.0 will be operational with the TBMCS 1.0 IOC in CY 1999.